Together with the European Union, France is committed to an energy transition aimed at completely decarbonizing the economy by 2050. The electricity sector plays a major role in this transition. This study seeks to analyze the French electricity sector, describing its history, physical characteristics, and electricity markets, to understand what changes are necessary for the transition and how these changes will be implemented by 2050. In the course of this work, we have discussed important aspects of this energy transition. These aspects are a strong development of renewable energies, a restructuring of the grid allowing to integrate of these renewable energies and to respond to new consumer demand (electric cars, electrification of industry, hydrogen production), as well as a reform of the energy markets making them more adapted to the challenges of the transition. France has a lot of adapting to do to achieve the zero-carbon objective by 2050, but the solutions exist and this energy transition is entirely possible from the point of view of the electricity sector.